„PLANT BREEDING AND SEED PRODUCTION“ Vol. 3, No. 3-4 (1996)
Content:
Balalić,
i. i Kobiljski, B.
VARIABILITY AND CORRELATION BETWEEN STEM HEIGHT, HARVEST INDEX AND
GRAIN YIELD IN WHEAT [Abstract] [Full text]
Petrović, S., Worland, A. J., Mihaljev, I., Ivegeš Mirjana
INTERACTION EFFECT OF ALIEN CYTOPLASM AND
HEXAPLOID WHEAT NUCLEUS. II NUMBER OF SPIKELETS PER SPIKE [Abstract] [Full text]
Petrović, S.,Worland, A. J., Mihaljev. i Ivegeš Mirjana
INTERACTION EFFECT OF ALIEN CYTOPLASM AND
HEXAPLOID WHEAT NUCLEUS. II SPIKE LENGTH [Abstract] [Full text]
Šesek,
S., Denčić, S.
ACCLIMATIZATION OF WHEAT REGENERANTS PRODUCED BY IN VITRO
ANTHER CULTURE [Abstract] [Full text]
Šesek, S. Ankica Kondić
GENOTIPYC SPECIFICITY REGARDING GREEN PLANTS REGENERATION IN IN
VITRO WHEAT ANTHER CULTURE [Abstract] [Full text]
Kobiljski, B., Denčić, S. i Khairallah, S.
EFFECT OF SPIKE SIZE ON YIELD COMPONENTS AND GRAIN YIELD IN WHEAT [Abstract] [Full text]
Marija Zlokolica, Mirjana Milošević, Milica Hrustić
THE ROLE OF BIOCHEMICAL-GENETICAL AND MOLECULAR MARKERS IN GENETIC
CORN IDENTIFICATION [Abstract] [Full text]
Stojaković,
M., Jocković, D., Bekavac, G., Božana Purar
MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.) BREEDING FOR DROUGHT TOLERANCE [Abstract] [Full text]
Jockovićc, D., Milica Hrustić
RECURRENT SELECTION IN SOYBEAN BREEDING [Abstract] [Full text]
Hrustić M., Milošević M., Miladinović, J.
EFFICIENCY AND STABILITY OF MALE-STERILITY
IN SOYBEAN BREEDING [Abstract] [Full text]
Miladinović,
J., Vidić, M., Tatić, M.
GENOTYPE ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS AND GENOTYPIC
AND PHENOTYPIC CORRELATIONS BETWEEN GRAIN YIELD
AND HARVEST INDEX IN SOYBEANS [Abstract] [Full text]
Mihailović,
V., Marija Kraljević-Balalić, Katić, S., Ćupina, B., Erić, P.
INHERITANCE OF HARVEST INDEX IN PEAS [Abstract] [Full text]
Jocković,
D., M. Stojaković, J. Boćanski, N. Vasić, R. Popov
VARIABILITY OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.) GERMPLASM IN YUGOSLAVIA [Abstract] [Full text]
Gvozdenović, D., Mirjana Milošević
PEPPER IMPROVEMENT AND SEED SCIENCE [Abstract] [Full text]
Lukić, D., Vasiljević, S.
PRODUCTION CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN FODDER BEET
VARIETIES [Abstract] [Full text]
Danica
Dražić
CONTROL OF JOHNSON GRASS (SORGHUM HALEPENSE) IN ROW CROPS [Abstract] [Full text]
Mirjana
Milošević, Marija Zlokolica, Milica Hrustić, Gvozdenović, D., Jocković, D.
SEED DORMANCY [Abstract] [Full text]
Cvetković,
V. T., milovanović, S. M., Ognjanović, S. R., Đokić, D., Lomović, S.
INFLUENCE OF WINTER WHEAT SEED TREATMENT
BY LASER ON VEGETATION PERIOD DURATION
AND HARVEST INDEX OF GRAIN [Abstract] [Full text]
S. Ratković
METHODS OF INVESTIGATING CHANGES IN SEED DURING LONG-TERM STORAGE [Abstract] [Full text]
M. Mirić
A MODEL OF CREATION OF SEED PRODUCTION AND SEED SERVICES TERMINOLOGY [Abstract] [Full text]
Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 3, No. 3-4 (1996), pp. 7-12
© 1996 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
VARIABILITY AND CORRELATION BETWEEN STEM HEIGHT, HARVEST INDEX AND GRAIN YIELD IN WHEAT
by
BALALIĆ AND B. KOBILJSKI
SUMMARY
The aim of this paper was to examine variability’ and correlation between stem height, harvest index and grain yield in different wheat genotypes originated from four regions: region I (Japan, China and Korea), region II (Russia and Ukraine), region III (Middle and East Europe) and region IV (North America).
Stem height varied, in average, from X = 78.4 cm (Japan, China and Korea region) up to X = 101.9 cm (Russia and Ukraine region). The lowest harvest index (X = 0.31), in average, has been observed in genotypes originated from region IV (North America), while the highest values (X = 0.38) for this trait were obtained in cultivars from region III (Middle and East Europe). Cultivators from region I (Japan, China and Korea) had the lowest grain yield (X = 5.81 t/ha) and genotypes from Middle and East Europe (region III) achieved, in average, the highest grain yield (X = 7.29 t/ha).
Grain yield in region I (Japan, China and Korea), has shown the greatest variability (CV = 17.1%).
In region II (Russia and Ukraine) and in region III (Middle and East Europe), the significant negative correlation has appeared between stem height and harvest index. The significant correlation between harvest index and grain yield has been observed in region I (Japan, China and Korea). Also, significant correlation was present between stem height and grain yield in region II (Russia and Ukraine) and region IV (North America).
Corresponding author:
Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 3, No. 3-4 (1996), pp. 13-15
© 1996 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
INTERACTION EFFECT OF ALIEN CYTOPLASM AND
HEXAPLOID WHEAT NUCLEUS. II NUMBER OF SPIKELETS PER SPIKE
by
PETROVIĆ S., WORLAND A. J., MIHALJEV L, IVEGEŠ MIRJANA
SUMMARY
Varieties Bersee, Cappelle - Desprez and Dwarf A with normal Triticum aestivum cytoplasm and in three different cytoplasms - Aegilops mutica, Ae. variabilis and Ae. squarrosa were tested in space planted experiment in four replicates for five years. The lines carrying alien cytoplasms substituted into wheat varieties have been developed at the Plant Breeding Institute, Cambridge, England. That material was tested in field trials at the Novi Sad experimental station.
The screening has been done for agonomicaly important characters, such as ear emergency, plant height, fertility and yield components and data for number of spikelets per spike are presented in this Paper. The material was tested statistically using the MSTATC computer programme for factorial ANOVA design.
The results showed significant differences between three tested varieties in studied character. In three varieties values are decreased in Ae. mutica cytoplasm, while in Ae. variabilis or Ae. squarrosa cytoplasm the values are on the level of those in T. aestivum cytoplasm.
All values for number of spikelets per spike are highly significant, except the ABC interaction value, that is significant. The differences between F values are significant or highly significant, due to rather small error, or due to rather small number for the degrees of freedom.
Corresponding author:
Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 3, No. 3-4 (1996), pp. 16-18
© 1996 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
INTERACTION EFFECT OF ALIEN CYTOPLASM AND
HEXAPLOID WHEAT NUCLEUS. II SPIKE LENGTH
by
PETROVIĆ S., WORLAND A. J., MIHALJEV I., IVEGEŠ MIRJANA
SUMMARY
Varieties Bersee, Cappelle - Desprez and Dwarf A with normal Triticum aestivum cytoplasm and in three different cytoplasms - Aegilops mutica, Ae. variabilis and Ae. squarrosa were tested in space planted experiment in four replicates for five years. The lines carrying alien cytoplasms substituted into wheat varieties have been developed at the Plant Breeding Institute, Cambridge, England. That material was tested in field trials at the Novi Sad experimental station.
The screening has been done for agonomicaly important characters, such as ear emergency, plant height, fertility and yield components and data for spike lenght are presented in this paper. The material was tested statistically using the MSTATC computer programme for factorial ANOVA design.
The results showed significant differences between three tested varieties in studied character. In three varieties values are decreased in Ae. mutica cytoplasm, while in Ae. variabilis or Ae. squarrosa cytoplasm the values are on the level of those in T. aestivum cytoplasm.
All values for lenght of spike are highly significant, except the ABC interaction value, that is significant. The differences between F values are significant or highly significant, due to rather small error, or due to rather small number for the degrees of freedom.
Corresponding author:
Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 3, No. 3-4 (1996), pp. 19-22
© 1996 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
ACCLIMATIZATION OF WHEAT REGENERANTS PRODUCED BY IN VITRO
ANTHER CULTURE
by
S. ŠESEK AND S. DENČIĆ
SUMMARY
An investigation was conducted to assess three methods of acclimatization and vernalization of winter wheat regenerants produced by in vitro anther culture. The first method involved the acclimatization of regenerants in a phytotron, in strictly controlled conditions of relative humidity (95%), temperature (28°C), and light (2,00 Ix), vernalization in a cold chamber at 4-5°C, and subsequent cultivation of regenerants in a greenhouse. The second method involved the acclimatization of regenerants at high humidity (covered with a foil) and the temperature of 26-28°C, vernalization in a cold chamber and subsequent cultivation in a greenhouse. The third method involved the acclimatization of regenerants at high humidity and the temperature of 26-28°C, vernalization in a cold chamber at 5-10°C and subsequent cultivation in natural conditions of the open field.
The results showed that the third method produced the largest number of regenerants that reached the stage of physiological maturity - 90%. The plants matured in the first third of July. The second method produced 58% of mature regenerants which reached the stage of physiological maturity in the second or last third of May. Of the regenerants cultivated in the phytotron, 72% reached the stage of physiological maturity, in the last third of February or the first third of March.
Corresponding author:
Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 3, No. 3-4 (1996), pp. 23-26
© 1996 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
GENOTIPYC SPECIFICITY REGARDING GREEN PLANTS REGENERATION IN IN VITRO WHEAT ANTHER CULTURE
by
S. ŠESEK AND ANKICA KONDIĆ
SUMMARY
The objectives of the investigation were to assess randomly selected heterozygous wheat genotypes, Fl hybrids and their homozygous parents for the capacity to regenerate green plants and to establish the mode of inheritance for the capacity for androgenesis.
Anthers containing microspores in the mid- and late uninuclear stage of microsporogenesis were isolated and inoculated onto semisolid "potato" medium. After subculturing in plant regeneration medium and rooting medium, the number of regenerated green plants was counted.
The number of androgenous anthers with the homozygotes ranged from 1.1%, in the variety Novosadska jara, to 9.2%, in the variety Jarka, or 5.2% on average. The average number of regenerated green plants, in relation to the number of androgenous anthers, ranged with the varieties from 20.4% (rated 0, the varieties Novosadska jara and Partizanka) to 57.1% (the genotype SO-14-56). The heterozygous genotypes had a significantly higher frequency of androgenous anthers than their parents -12% of the isolated anthers were androgenous. The interval of androgenous capacity ranged from 8.8% (the genotype SO-14-56 x Partizanka niska) to 15% (the genotype Veery-4 x Jarka). The capacity for green plants regeneration in the Fl hybrids ranged from 22.0% (Veery-4 x Jarka) to 38.5% (SO-14-56 x Partizanka niska), or 26.1% on average.
The investigation indicated that the capacity to regenerate green plants is inherited intermediately, in the case of the combination SO-14-56 x Partizanka niska, or dominantly, in the case of the combinations Veery-4 x Jarka and Veery-4 x Novosadska jara.
Corresponding author:
Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 3, No. 3-4 (1996), pp. 27-32
© 1996 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
EFFECT OF SPIKE SIZE ON YIELD COMPONENTS AND GRAIN YIELD IN WHEAT
by
KOBILJSKI, B., DENČIĆ, S. AND KHAIRALLAH, S.
SUMMARY
In this paper, the effect of spike size on yield components and grain yielding wheat was observed in four different groups of genotypes: I) foreign high-yielding genotypes, II) old NS cultivars (developed at Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Yugoslavia, and recognized between 1970 arid 1989), III) new NS cultivars (recognized between 1992 and 1996) and IV) most promising NS lines. Highest average grain yield (8.37 t/ha) was achieved by the new NS cultivars and the smallest (6.84 t/ha) by older NS cultivars. In foreign genotypes, significant negative correlation appeared between numbers of small spikes / m2 and grain yield. New NS cultivars and most promising NS lines have had, on average, significantly longer small spikes compared with foreign genotypes and old NS cultivars. For genotypes from all groups, high significant positive correlation occurred between length of small spikes and grain yield. Also, in the new NS cultivars, high significant positive correlation was found between grain yield and number of kernels / spike, number of kernels / spikelet and kernel weight / spike. Compared with foreign genotypes and old NS cultivars, the new NS cultivars and most promising NS lines obtained significantly more spikelets / spike for small spikes and significantly higher grain weight / spike either for normal or small spikes. Significant positive correlations between number of spikelets / spike and grain yield for small spikes were noticed in all analyzed genotypes.
Corresponding author:
Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 3, No. 3-4 (1996), pp. 33-37
© 1996 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
THE ROLE OF BIOCHEMICAL-GENETICAL AND MOLECULAR MARKERS IN GENETIC CORN IDENTIFICATION
by
M. ZLOKOLICA, M. MILOŠEVIĆ, M. HRUSTIĆ
SUMMARY
Genetic identification of maize in the process of improvement plays a special role from the aspect of quality and quantitative traits of final products. Genetic and molecular markers based on protein polymorphism, RNK and DNK play an important role in this respect. Isoenzymes are genetic markers and as such are used for identification of complete breeding material all the way to final products. They are expression of genes and their allelic variants and on the basis of its frequency the genetic base of observed material is determined. With the aim of more complex investigation of corn genome, new markers on the molecular level, which are the results of RNK polymorphism and the fragments of DNK, are being introduced. Besides genetic identification of breeding material, its variability and diversity on the basis of markers, they are widely used in gene mapping for quantitative and qualitative traits, disease resistance to stress conditions during growth period and several other desired traits. In our paper, the link between yield and chosen genotypes on the basis of homozigosity and heterozygosity of certain isoenzymic loci was observed. In the material from two populational sources, high Yield was obtained in genotype with certain allelic variant of Mdh2 locus. The link between variants of other loci and yield was of somewhat lesser extent, but it was different in two populational sources.
KEY WORDS: biochemical-genetical, molecular markers, biotechnology methods, isoenzymes,
Corresponding author:
Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 3, No. 3-4 (1996), pp. 38-46
© 1996 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.) BREEDING FOR DROUGHT TOLERANCE
by
STOJAKOVIĆ, M., JOCKO VIĆ, D., BEKAVAC, G., BOŽANA PURAR
SUMMARY
Drought regularly accompanies crop production in our region. Rainfall amount in the course of growing period is at that level that is started to be a limiting factor in crop production under the conditions of natural water supply. Average yields of maize in Vojvodina Province have been varying for about 40% for the last 10 years, mainly due to rainfall amount and average temperature in the course of growing period, particularly in three summer months (June, July, August).
Drought tolerance is a complex characteristic. It includes high yields and wide range of adaptability to environmental conditions. Direct selection for yield is less efficient in conditions of drought than in conditions of optimum water supply. Heritability for yield is lower under conditions of stress than under stress free conditions. Under stress conditions, the effect of genotype on yield is reduced, while environmental effect increases. Consequently, in dry conditions indirect selection for yield, via the traits are in strong correlation with yield such as delayed silking, may be more efficient that direct selection for yield.
Breeding programs for drought tolerance are particularly developed in regions in which drought is regular occurrence. In CIMMYT (Mexico), several synthetic populations of exotic plasma selected for drought tolerance were produced (Tuxpeno, Tuxpeno Sequia, Suvan-1, Michoacan-21 and others). They are used worldwide as sources of drought tolerance.
Breeding for drought tolerance is a long lasting process. In the future, it is significance will be even higher than before, due to increased number of stress factors, both because maize spreads over marginal soils, or because of climatic changes.
Corresponding author:
Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 3, No. 3-4 (1996), pp. 47-53
© 1996 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
RECURRENT SELECTION IN SOYBEAN BREEDING
by
JOCKOVIĆ, D., MILICA HRUSTIĆ
SUMMARY
Recurrent selection use most frequently in breeding cross-pollinated than in self-pollinated plants. The main reason for that is usually large number of crosses that is need for this method of selection. Genetically male-sterility which was found in soybean resolved mention problem. The recurrent selection more frequently apply in soybean breeding now than before. Honey bees are usually pollen vex-tors in recurrent selection of soybean. Random mating exist in the intermating stage of each cycle. Spare orthogonal planting plants in the So test, is enough to avoid competition between plants. Recurrent selection usually use for increase seed protein and oil content and to improve some quantitative properties of soybean. The obtained resulst show that recurrent selection can be useful tool in soybean breeding.
Corresponding author:
Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 3, No. 3-4 (1996), pp. 54-59
© 1996 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
EFFICIENCY AND STABILITY OF MALE-STERILITY
IN SOYBEAN BREEDING
by
HRUSTIĆ M., MILOŠEVIĆ M., MILADINOVIĆ, J.
SUMMARY
Under normal conditions, soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) is self - pollinated plant, with very small portion of allogamy. Recombination of desired genes is accomplished by hand pollination of particular parental combination and by developing hybrid populations using methods usual for self - pollinated plant species. Most of the commercial cultivars are produced this way, but with narrowed genetic variability for future work. Attaining of male - sterility increased use of recurrent selection. Six type of male - sterility has been established to date. Investigations on heterosis and efficient use of male sterility could help in development of methods that could make commercial use of hybrid soybean possible. To make hybrid soybean real, additional research of helerotic combinations are needed, as well as solving pollination problems, e. g. commercial production of large portions of hybrid seeds.
Key words: Soybean, male - sterility, recurrent selection, hybrids.
Corresponding author:
Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 3, No. 3-4 (1996), pp. 60-65
© 1996 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
GENOTYPE ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS AND GENOTYPIC
AND PHENOTYPIC CORRELATIONS BETWEEN GRAIN YIELD
AND HARVEST INDEX IN SOYBEANS
by
MILADINOVIĆ, J., VIDIĆ, M., TATIĆ, M.
SUMMARY
During 1994 and 1995, researches have been provided in order to investigate influence of planting date on grain yield and harvest index in soybeans. Significant interactions variety x planting date, variety x year, and also variety x planting date x year has been established. Both traits examined are mostly influenced by variety x environment interaction, than by experimental error, and the least by genetic differences among varieties. Genotypic correlation between grain yield and harvest index is negative and low (-0.39), while phenotypic correlation is positive and very high (0.82). Results achieved can lead to conclusion that planting after proper time could bring to significant reduction in grain yield, but it does not affect harvest index.
Key words: Soybean, grain yield, harvest index, interaction, correlations.
Corresponding author:
Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“ Vol.
3, No. 3-4 (1996), pp. 66-72
© 1996 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
INHERITANCE OF HARVEST INDEX IN PEAS
By
MIHAILOVIĆ V., MARIJA KRALJEVIĆ-BALALIĆ, KATIĆ, S., ĆUPINA, B., ERIĆ, P.
SUMMARY
The paper presents genetic analysis of harvest index in peas. In the same year, parent, Fl and F2 plants were grown. Mean values and variability, way of inheritance of combining ability and components of genetic variance for harvest index in parents, F1 and F2 plants were grown. Mean values and variability, heritability, way of inheritance of combining ability and components of genetic variance for harvest index in parents, Fl and F2 generations were analysed. Estimates of harvest index for parental plants ranged from 0.32 to 0.53. In Fl generation, estimates for harvest index ranged from 0.38 to 0.56, which is on the higher parent or mean parents level. In F2 generation, estimates for harvest index ranged from 0.41 to 0.51. High heritability and low coefficient of variation points that harvest index is a high-hereditary trait. Harvest index in F1 and F2 generations was inherited dominantly and intermediately, depending on combination, and in Poneka x Ramonski 77 hybrid, heterosis occurred. Good general combinators for harvest index were high yielding varieties Moravac and Karat.
Higher estimates of additive variance in comparison to dominance component points on importance of additive gene effect in expression of this trait.
Key words: Pea, harvest index, way of inheritance, heritability, components of genetic variance.
Corresponding author:
Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 3, No. 3-4 (1996), pp. 73-79
© 1996 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
VARIABILITY OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.) GERMPLASM IN YUGOSLAVIA
by
JOCKOVIĆ, D.. M. STOJAKOVIĆ, J. BOĆANSKI, N. VASIĆ, R. POPOV
SUMMARY
Yugoslavia has reach maize germplasm. Several thousands of local and synthetic populations, domestical and introduced varieties and maize lines are maintained in germ-banks. Domestical collection of local genotypes is reach and variable. Representatives of all ecological environments collected and preserved. Historical dates about origin and evolution domestical genotypes and their spread out and the results of the investigation of their properties show on a big variability domestical maize germplasm. We have to increase efforts to make more genetic variability of maize germplasm in order to find out new heterotic pairs for future. It will allow us to continue progress in maize breeding. We pointed out an importance of collection, preservation, investigation and use of maize germplasm. It will spread genetic base of commercial hybrids and improve maize production.
Corresponding author:
Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 3, No. 3-4 (1996), pp. 80-85
© 1996 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
PEPPER IMPROVEMENT AND SEED SCIENCE
by
GVOZDENOVIĆ, D., MILOŠEVIĆ, MIRJANA
SUMMARY
Pepper is one of the most important vegetable species when the variety of fruit uses and high profit gained from growing are taken into consideration, having this in mind the aim of this paper was to give an insight into pepper improvement regarding the certain traits as well as some of significant moments in seed production. The yield is the main trait of pepper improvement in which functions there are vegetation length, number of fruits, number of plants and weight of fruits. Pepper seed science is the extension of breeding and the lifetime of a variety in production practice depends on it.
Corresponding author:
Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 3, No. 3-4 (1996), pp. 86-91
© 1996 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
PRODUCTION CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN FODDER BEET VARIETIES
by
LUKIĆ, D., VASILJEVIĆ, S.
SUMMARY
In order to determine the root yield, leaf yield, root dry matter content, and dry matter yield of 11 fodder beet varieties, a trial was conducted at the Rimski Šančevi experimental yield during 1994 and 1995.
Root yield were higher in 1994 (79.9 t/ha-1), in which growing conditions were favorable, than in the unfavorable year 1995 (61.0 t/ha-1). The variety Petra had the highest average root yield (78.6 t/ha-1) and dry matter yield (11.3 t/ha-1), outperforming the standard variety Kyros by 10.7% and 15.3%, respectively. Regarding root yield, the standard was also outperformed by the standard was also outperformed by the varieties Polifourra and Clarissima (by 7.9% and 6.3 %, respectively), while the domestic variety ALH-9110 had a high dry matter yield (11.2 t/ha-1), 14.3% better than that of Kyros, as well as the highest leaf yield (15.1 t/ha-1), 15.3% more than the standard). The variety Magnum had the highest and Polifourra the lowest average dry matter content (16.6% and 12.0%, respectively).
Corresponding author:
Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 3, No. 3-4 (1996), pp. 92-96
© 1996 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
CONTROL OF JOHNSON GRASS (SORGHUM HALEPENSE) IN ROW CROPS
by
DANICA DRAŽIĆ
SUMMARY
In recent years, evidently wide spread of Johnson grass - Sorghum halepesne Pers. has emerged on plow land caused by the reduction of agrotechnics and inadequate use of selective herbicides.
Being a perennial weed species it causes significant losses to the crop production, in terms of reduced yield of soybean, sunflower, sugar-beat and, particularly, corn.
Johnson grass control is possible only by the system of measures, which consists of agrotechnical measures and the appropriate herbicide use, as it can be seen in Tables 1 and 3. The efficacy of the herbicides applied in soybean crops expressed through the rhizome mass of Johnson grass and the soybean yield height is given in Table 2.
The agrotechnical measures such as basic tillage, crop rotation and row cultivation are of the greatest significance. In order to obtain minimal application the sulphonil-urea based herbicides, because of their possible residual effects on the following crop, in crop rotation it is essential to sow corn only after the plow land has bean cleaned.
Corresponding author:
Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 3, No. 3-4 (1996), pp. 97-104
© 1996 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
SEED DORMANCY
by
MILOŠEVIĆ MIRJANA, ZLOKOLICA MARIJA, HRUSTIĆ MILICA, GVOZDENOVIĆ D., JOCKOVIĆ D.
SUMMARY
Seed dormancy is a mechanism for seed distribution in time and space. In nature, dormancy breaking is regulated by application of external factors, and in laboratory these conditions are simulated in order to determine the appropriate seed germination capacity.
There are two types of dormancy: primary and secondary ones. Primary dormancy appears as a consequence of any changes appeared in seed during storage the result of which is capability of seed to germinate. Secondary dormancy is the state of seed resulted as a consequence of effects of some unknown external or internal factors, which when removed, make the seed germinate again.
According to efficiency mechanism there are: embryonal dormancy and dormancy provoked by seed coat. Factors controlling seed dormancy are genetic, environmental, correlational effects inside a plant and hormones. The most often applied methods for breaking seed dormancy are mechanical: chemical compounds, temperature and light regimes.
Corresponding author:
Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 3, No. 3-4 (1996), pp. 105-109
© 1996 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
INFLUENCE OF WINTER WHEAT SEED TREATMENT
BY LASER ON VEGETATION PERIOD DURATION
AND HARVEST INDEX OF GRAIN
by
CVETKOVIĆ, V. T., MILOVANOVIĆ, S. M, OGNJANOVIĆ, S. R., ĐOKIĆ, D., LOMOVIĆ, S.
SUMMARY
Influence of winter wheat seed stimulation by laser (cv. "radika") on the stages of development, duration of vegetation period and harvest index of grain in this paper was investigated. For dates of development stages advancing to heading, between cv. Radika and its laser treatment weren't noticed significant differences. Noticeable differences appear in stages of kernel filling and for duration of vegetation period. Treatments by laser were earlier in maturing from standard for 2-6 days depending of treatment and year. The harvest index if grain at laser treatments was significantly higher and depended from the conditions of year, too.
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Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 3, No. 3-4 (1996), pp. 110-134
© 1996 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
METHODS OF INVESTIGATING CHANGES IN SEED DURING LONG-TERM STORAGE
by
S. RATKOVIĆ
SUMMARY
Changes occurring in seed during long-term storage depend on relative humidity, temperature and oxygen pressure in storage environment, seed moisture content and the state of seed health. Since all the conditions mentioned affect the viability of seed, the precise detection of deterioration processes occurrence is of substantial interest for seed conservation.
This study analyses the changes in seed associated with ageing: seed viability modeling, the activity of free radicals in seed, lipid peroxidation and PMK structural changes as a function of time.
Both destructive (cytological-rnicroscopic, biochemical, chemical-separational and electroanalytical methods) and nondestructive methods (the analysis of volatile products and lipid peroxidation, spectroscopic methods, hemiluminiscence, the electrospin resonance - ESR - and nuclear-magnetic resonance - NMR - of different elements) have been used for detecting the changes in seed.
According to the survey and detailed analysis methods comprised, the common method of seed germination test is the most reliable for seed viability estimation, but yet unsuitable for small samples conserved in genebanks base collections. The spectroscopic methods (ESR and NMR) could be recommended as potentially perspective nondestructive methods. Further researches should therefore be continued in that direction.
Key words: Seed conservation, seed ageing, viability of seed, destructive and nondestructive methods.
Corresponding author:
Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 3, No. 3-4 (1996), pp. 135-138
© 1996 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
A MODEL OF CREATION OF SEED PRODUCTION AND SEED SERVICES TERMINOLOGY
by
M. MIRIĆ
SUMMARY
The terminology regarding seed production and seed services has not been developed nor created yet, making professional (guild) and business communication difficult. A lack of official concepts, terms and syntagmas could thwart the introduction of ISO standards into the management of affairs of seed companies. Therefore, the model of creation of seed production and seed services Serbian terminology is suggested with the aim to gather and clarify the key notions and phenomena in order to issue a dictionary of seed production and seed service terms.
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