„PLANT BREEDING AND SEED PRODUCTION“ Vol. 6, No.3-4 (1999)
Content:
Erić R, Ćupina B.,
Mihailović V, Tomić Zorica
STATE AND PERSPECTIVES OF SEED PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT OF FORAGE
CROPS IN FUNCTION OF LEVESTOCK DEVELOPMENTTILL 2020ND YEAR IN FR YUGOSLAVIA [Abstract] [Full text]
Ivanovski R.P, Prentović Tatjana
STATE AND PERSPECTIVE OF FORAGE SEED PRODUCTION IN REPUBLIC OF
MACEDONIA [Abstract] [Full text]
Lugić Z., Jasmina Radović, Terzić D., Zorica Tomić,
Spasić R.
SEED PRODUCTION OF PERENNIAL LEGUMES IN CENTRE FOR FORAGE CROPS IN KRUŠEVAC [Abstract] [Full text]
ĐUKIĆ D.
FERTILITY AND YIELD OF ALFA SEED IN DIFFERENT GROWING CONDITIONS [Abstract] [Full text]
Vasiljević
Sanja, Šurlan - Momirović Gordana, Mihailović V., Pataki I., Karagić Đ., Trifunović T.
BREEDING OF RED CLOVER (Trifolium pratense L.) FOR INCREASED SEED
YIELD [Abstract] [Full text]
Katić
S., Mihailović V, Karagić B., Vujaković M., Pataki I.
BIOLOGICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ALFALFA SEED [Abstract] [Full text]
Mirjana Jarak, M. Govedarica, Nada Milošević
THE APPLICATION OF INOCULATION IN LEGUME PRODUCTION [Abstract] [Full text]
Savić
Z.,Tomić Zorica, Lugić Z., Radović Jasmina
RANDMAN OF ALFALFA CLINING SEED PROCESS RELATION OF SPECIES WEED
SEED DOMINATE IN UNCLEANING SEED [Abstract] [Full text]
Radenović
B.
QUALITY AND PRODUCTION PROPERTIES OF FORAGE GALEGA ORIENTALIS LAM.
IN AGROECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF BAČKA PROVINCE [Abstract] [Full text]
Tatjana
Prentović, Zoran Dimov, Petre R. Ivanovski
SEED PRODUCTION OF SEVERAL FORAGE CROPS IN THE REGION OF SKOPJE [Abstract] [Full text]
Suković
MECHANISATION OF SEED PLANTING AND HARVESTING OF SMALL-SEEDING
PULSES [Abstract] [Full text]
Tomić Zorica, Spasić R. Lugić, Z., Radović
Jasmina
GRASS SEED YIELD - EXPERIENCE AND RECOMMENDATION [Abstract] [Full text]
Vučković S., Petrović R. i Mladenović G.
INFLUENCE OF ROW SPACE AND SEED RATES TO THE FORAGES SEED YIELD [Abstract] [Full text]
Mladenović G, Petrović R., Mihajlović I.
PRODUCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF GRASSES [Abstract] [Full text]
Ćupina B., Erić P., Mihailović V.
REGULARITIES IN FODDER PEA SEED TECHNOLOGY PRACTIES [Abstract] [Full text]
Petrović-Tošković Snežana, Petrović M. Radenović B.
POSSIBILITY OF FORAGE GALEGA (Galega orientalis Lam.) GROWING IN
NORTH-WEST SERBIA [Abstract] [Full text]
Nikitović R, Lugonja P.
ADVANCING OF FORAGE CROPS PRODUCTION IN FUNCTION OF BETTER LIVESTOCK
PRODUCTION ATTHE BEGINNING OF THIRD MILLENIUM [Abstract] [Full text]
M.
Mirić
SEED PRODUTCTION FOR ANIMAL HUSBANDRY [Abstract] [Full text]
M
SEED QUALITY OF DOMESTIC ALFALFA CULTIVARS [Abstract] [Full text]
Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 6, No. 3-4 (1999), pp. 7-20
© 1999 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
STATE AND PERSPECTIVES OF SEED PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT OF FORAGE CROPS IN FUNCTION OF LEVESTOCK DEVELOPMENTTILL 2020ND YEAR
IN FR YUGOSLAVIA
by
ERIĆ P., ĆUPINA B., MIHAILOVIĆ V., TOMIĆ ZORICA
SUMMARY
In the complex status of intensification of livestock production, first of all in beef and sheep farming, the solution should be sought in increasing of production level as well as expenses decrease of forage crops production. One of the main factors in cheap livestock production is the possibility to provide enough quantities of quality seed with reasonable prices.
Seed production and consumption, processing and sale and problems connected with import of forage crops seed has been taken into consideration. As problems are complex suggestions for solve numerous problems was given, in aim of improving seed production in our country.
Key words: forage crops, seed, production, state, problems, solves, perspectives, FRJ.
Corresponding author:
Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 6, No. 3-4 (1999), pp. 21-25
© 1999 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
STATE AND PERSPECTIVE OF FORAGE SEED PRODUCTION IN REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA
by
IVANOVSKI R.P., PRENTOVIĆ TATJANA
SUMMARY
One of the most important condition for successful forage production is used the seed material with high quality. Having in mind the comparative advantages which exist, Republic of Macedonia was seed producer not only for our needs but also for export. In the last few years we import the great amount of forage seeds. The situation with seed production in 1999 was unsatisfied. The highest quantity gave common vetch-472.5 t, than field pies-216.01. This production is carry out on small farms and on small areas.
Follows oilseed rape with 84.5 t, alfalfa - 45.6 t and sainfoin - 22.5 t. Even the Republic consume more than 80.0 tlyearseed of gramineous, production of these is zero. According to the statistical data the main reason for such situation is nonexsisting low of seeds.
In 2001 we expect little increasing of forage seed production till 2005 where the seed production will be at that level which will satisfied not only our necessities but also foreighn markets.
Key words: forage plants, seed production, condition, possibility, prospective, Republic of Macedonia.
Corresponding author:
Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 6, No. 3-4 (1999), pp. 27-32
© 1999 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
SEED PRODUCTION OF PERENNIAL LEGUMES IN CENTRE FOR FORAGE
CROPS IN KRUŠEVAC
by
LUGIĆ Z., JASMINA RADOVIĆ TERZIĆ D., ZORICA TOMIĆ, SPASIĆ R.
SUMMARY
Perennial legumes have a good agronomic and biological characteristic and they are very important in livestock production. The great number of domestic cultivars of this species (about 25), 13 created in Centre for Forage Crops in Krusevac are the contribution of domestic breeders to livestock production. Domestic cultivars are very good adapted in our agroecological conditions, and they have great potential for forage and seed production. In our country we have a very good climate conditions for seed production. Beside of that the seed production this species is not enough for our necessary. Our results and experience should be helpful in restore seed production of alfalfa and red clover.
Key words: red clover, alfalfa, seed production, technology practices
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Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 6, No. 3-4 (1999), pp. 33-38
© 1999 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
FERTILITY AND YIELD OF ALFA SEED IN DIFFERENT GROWING CONDITIONS
by
ĐUKIĆ D.
SUMMARY
There are a numerous factors affected alfalfa seed yield. Beside genotype and technological practices special attention has been dedicated on crop protection (weed, disease and pests) as well as presence of pollination insects. Bearing in mind important of advancing alfalfa seed production in FR Yugoslavia the paper presented results of fertility, yield components and seed yield in different growing conditions. Results of some genetics investigation concern interaction genotype x environment, effect of Megachila rotundata F. (Hym. Megachilidae) and influence of heath conditions starting from fructification to pod ripening are discussed.
Key words: alfalfa, yield components, seed yield.
Corresponding author:
Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 6, No. 3-4 (1999), pp. 39-43
© 1999 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
BREEDING OF RED CLOVER (Trifolium pratense L.) FOR INCREASED SEED YIELD
by
VASILJEVIĆ SANJA, ŠURLAN - MOMIROVIĆ GORDANA, MIHAILOVIĆ V, PATAKI I., KARAGIĆ Đ., TRIFUNOVIĆ T.
SUMMARY
Owing to its physiological autosterility and flower structure red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is extremely open-pollinated, entomophillic plant variety. The presence of pollinating insects is necessary for the successful seed production. Besides them, the other factors of significant importance are some morphological-biological characteristics of red clover genotypes such as: number of productive stalks per plant, number of inflorescence per plant, number of florets per inflorescence, number of seeds per inflorescence and seed yield per plant.
Mean values for number of productive stalks per plant varied significantly, in the range from 14.2 (Krasna) to 32.2 (M-13 - tab. 1). On the basis of performed analysis it was established that seed number per inflorescence varied in the range from 16.40 (Hungariatera) to 73.40 (M-11 - tab. l). The highest seed yield per plant was in populations: M-13 (27.34 g), Sk-4 (26.74 g) and variety BL-5 (27.22 g).
For the majority of the examined characteristics (number of productive stalks per plant, number of seeds per inflorescence and seed yield per plant) the differences affected by genotype are statistically significant, thus indicating the great variability of the examined material (tab. 2).
For all the analyzed characteristics (tab. 3) phenotype variability was larger than variability attributed to genetics. The lowest value of genetic variation coefficient was 0.76 % (number of florets per inflorescence), and the highest 26.07 % (seed yield per plant). High heńtability value is observed for seed number per inflorescence (72.50 %).
Key words: Red clover, variety, population, seed yield components, genetic and phenotypic variance, Coefficients of genetic and phenotypic variation, heritability.
Corresponding author:
Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 6, No. 3-4 (1999), pp. 45-50
© 1999 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
BIOLOGICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ALFALFA SEED
KATIĆ S., MIHAILOVIĆ V, KARAGIĆ B., VUJAKOVIĆ M., PATAKI I.
SUMMARY
A series of samples was used to study the biological (morphological traits, size, chemical composition, vigor) and technological (volume mass) characteristics of alfalfa seed. The alfalfa produced well-developed seeds as well as a certain percentage of empty and undersized seeds. The proportions of pure, empty, and undersized seeds depended more on the environmental conditions (year of production) and less on the cultivar (tab. l). A well-developed alfalfa seed is about 2.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide and 1 mm thick. The size of pure seeds did not vary according to the production year and cultivar (tab.2).
Alfalfa seed is around 93.8% dry matters and 6.2% water. The dry matter is 37.8% crude protein, 34.8% nitrogen-free soluble substances, 9.1% crude fatty substances, 8.1% crude cellulose, and 3.8% mineral substances. No significant differences among the cultivars and years were recorded (tab. 3).
Seed vigor is retained for a number of years. Larger and undamaged seeds with greater initial viability are more vigorous (tab. 4).
On average, the volume mass of the alfalfa seeds was 757 kg/m3 with 8% moisture.
The differences in volume mass among the growers were significant, (tab. 5).
Key words: alfalfa seed, morphology, chemical composition, vigor, volume mass.
Corresponding author:
Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 6, No. 3-4 (1999), pp. 51-56
© 1999 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
THE APPLICATION OF INOCULATION IN LEGUME PRODUCTION
by
JARAKMIRJANA, GOVEDARICA M, MILOŠEVIĆ NADA
SUMMARY
The bacteria from genus Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, Sinorhizobium and Azorhizobium form nodule on the root or on the stem of legumes and a small number of nonlegumes. Root nodule bacteria (symbiotic nitrogen fixators) are soil microorganisms. In optimum conditions, these bacteria fie up to 400 kg N/ha per year.
Rhizobium meliloti form nodules on the root of alfalfa. 40 - 120 kg N/ha per year is fixed in a symbiosis between peas and lentil on the one hand and Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae on the other hand. Rhizobium sp. forms nodules in a symbiosis with peanuts and fixes around 120 kg N/ha.
By application of inoculation in legume production the level of nitrogen remains the same or increases. By application of the effective strains of rhizobia the quality and quantity of the product are increased. Rhizobia does not cause soil pollution but contributes to the product of ecologically healthy food.
Key words: legume, rhizobia, inoculation.
Corresponding author:
Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 6, No. 3-4 (1999), pp. 57-62
© 1999 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
RANDMAN OF ALFALFA CLINING SEED PROCESS RELATION OF SPECIES WEED SEED DOMINATE IN UNCLEANING SEED
by
SAVIĆ Z.,TOMIĆ ZORICA, LUGIĆ Z., RADOVIĆ JASMINA
SUMMARY
There is direct relation between randman and weed seed dominant in uncleaning seed. The seed with high purity, without seed of damage weed, difficulty cloning and that is the reason of small randman. The highest randman can release, we must have completely whole of seedling seeds, whit completely care and protection, modem equipment s for cleaning, education people in all step of alfalfa producing seed.
Key words: seed processing, purity, seed of weed species, alfalfa, natural seed.
Corresponding author:
Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 6, No. 3-4 (1999), pp. 63-70
© 1999 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
QUALITY AND PRODUCTION PROPERTIES OF FORAGE GALEGA ORIENTALIS LAM. IN AGROECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF BAČKA PROVINCE
By
RADENOVIĆ B.
SUMMARY
Based on our research in laboratory and field conditions in 1991-1999, in the region of North Bačka, we have established that fodder galega variety Yu Margarita RB-A4AG 1/97 has the contain of dray matter of 20 % buttonizacion stage, and 25 % in the stage of blooming. The content of raw proteins is 27.77 %, stage of buttonization, and 24.56 %, stage of blooming. The content of raw cellulose 18.95 %, stage of buttonization, and 24.40 %, stage of blooming (the whole plant). During the testing, this plant has shown resistance to: disease, pests, Cuscuta sp, low temperatures and weeds from the III year of life.
The total yield of green mass and hay was: green mass 83 t/ha, and hay-17.19 t/ha (I+11+III swath, the 1991-1999 average). The average stalk height was: I-swath, 120.88 cm, 11-88.55 cm, 111-63.48 cm (the 1991-1999 average). The weight balance between the foliage and the stalk was 60:40 in favor of the foliage. When preparing the hay the leaf doesn’t fall off, the entire length of the stalk is hollow, easy for drilling and pressing. The cattle gladly east: the green mass, hay, silage and protein vegetable flour. Un the year of sowing, the overhead part of the plant grows slowly, more quickly grows the root system so the weeds can suffocate the plant, weed control is necessary. During the next years the overhead part grows quickly, the multiplying is vegetativety and protects itself against weeds. All productive characteristics were significantly higher compared to the trail average, which was our control, from the 5-9 year of life. To grow well, it requires plenty of water, especially in the year of sowing. Sure and high yield of green mass and hay gives in humid regions and in conditions of irrigation.
Key words: fodder Galega, variety, crude proteins, dry matter, green mass, hay, stalk.
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Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 6, No. 3-4 (1999), pp. 71-74
© 1999 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
SEED PRODUCTION OF SEVERAL FORAGE CROPS IN THE REGION OF SKOPJE
BY
PRENTOVIĆ TATJANA, DIMOV Z., IVANOVSKI P. R.
SUMMARY
For a long period in Republic of Macedonia we work only on a few forage crops. Those are alfalfa, sainfoin, field pies and common vetch. Therefore we investigate the potential seed production (including production of herbage and hay), on several perennial forage varieties. Two of them are leguminous and the others five are gramineous, varieties which we think that have good potentiality for growing in our agroecological conditions.
The research was done during 1996/97 in the region of Skopje. The highest seed production shows Festuca pratensis Huds. - 489.9 kg/ha, and the lowest Trifolium pratense L. - 173.0 kg/ha. The highest herbage production gave Lolium italicum L. - 52,970 kg/ha and the lowest Lotus corniculatus L. - 31,100 kg/ha. Analogously those yields are yields of hay where Lolium italicum L. with 10,970 kg/ha gave the highest and Lotus corniculatus L. with 6,160 kg/ha the lowest productivity.
Key words: forage plants, yield, green mass, hay, seed, Skopje province.
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Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 6, No. 3-4 (1999), pp. 75-78
© 1999 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
MECHANISATION OF SEED PLANTING AND HARVESTING OF SMALL-SEEDING PULSES
By
SUKOVIĆ I.
SUMMARY
Planting of small-seeded pulse crops can be satisfactorily done with conventional wheat planters. In order to improve planting quality it is necessary to refit planters to provide single seed planting (grooved rollers).
According to the obtained results, the employment of wheat harvesters for harvesting of grasses and small-seeded pulses with the appropriate adaptation and correct alignment of operating conditions provides harvest with tolerant losses, satisfactory purity and high shelling percentage.
Key words: seed, pulses, planter, harvester, adaptation, operation quality.
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Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 6, No. 3-4 (1999), pp. 79-86
© 1999 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
GRASS SEED YIELD - EXPERIENCE AND RECOMMENDATION
By
TOMIĆ ZORICA, MLADENOVIĆ R., LUGIĆ Z., RADOVIĆ JASMINA
SUMMARY
In this paper presented the results about our experience, more than last 40 years, at the problem of grass seed yield. We have excellent results in agrotechnology, which we can recommend in the practice. The reason which the grass seed yield last year was very low is the wrong politic, permitted export, and low care responsible people and organisation in the forage seed production.
Key words: production, seed crops, perennial grasses, experimental experiences, public production.
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Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 6, No. 3-4 (1999), pp. 87-93
© 1999 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
INFLUENCE OF ROW SPACE AND SEED RATES TO THE FORAGES SEED YIELD
By
VUČKOVIĆ S., PETROVIĆ R., MLADENOVIĆ G.
SUMMARY
This paper surveys sowing norms (row spacing and seed rate) in both the world and our country, optimal seed rates in forages seed production. A short overview of row spacing and seed rates applied in the world and Yugoslavia is given. In our country forages was grown for seed production on large acreages. However, according to some research high seed yields may also be achieved by cultivating forages on smaller vegetation area. Seed yields achieved from crops intended for forage production may exceed seed yields from crops intended for seed production only. The highest tall fescue seed yield was achieved with plants grown in 50 cm spaced rows employing 4 kg of seeds ha-1 (700.7 and 570.8kg ha-1 in 1995 and 1996 respectively). The highest cocksfoot seed yield was achieved with plants grown in 50 cm spaced rows employing 8 kg/ha of seeds (713.2 and 822.1 kg/ha in 1997 and 1998 respectively). The highest perennial ryegrass seed yield was achieved with plants grown in 20 cm spaced rows employing 20 kg/ha of seeds (750.6 and 560.3 kg/ha in 1995 and 1996 respectively). The highest Italian ryegrass seed yield was achieved with plants grown in 20 cm spaced rows employing 20 kg of seeds ha-1 (285.7 kg ha-1 in 1995, respectively) and employing 10 kg of seeds ha-1 (280.2 kg ha-1 in 1996, respectively). Highest Lucerne seed yield was achieved with plants grown in 20 cm spaced rows employing 10 kg of seeds per ha-1 (368.8 and 414.3 kg per ha-1 in 1995 and 1996 respectively). Highest red clover seed yield was achieved with plants grown in 20 cm spaced rows employing 10kg of seeds per ha (541,1 and 564,6 kg per ha in 1995 and 1996 respectively). Highest birdsfoot trefoil seed yield was achieved with plants grown in 20 cm spaced rows employing 10 kg of seeds per ha (252,6 and 164,6 kg per ha in 1995 and 1996 respectively). Highest sainfoin seed (pods) yield was achieved with plants grown in 20 cm spaced rows employing 100 kg of seeds per ha (750.6 and 811.7 kg per ha in 1995 and 1996 respectively).
Key words: forage, grasses, legumes, method of sowing, density, seed yield.
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Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 6, No. 3-4 (1999), pp. 95-98
© 1999 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
PRODUCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF GRASSES
by
MLADENOVIĆ G., PETROVIĆ R., MIHAJLOVIĆ I.
SUMMARY
The productivity of Dactylis glomerata, Festuca arundinacea, Festuca pratensis, Festuca rubra and Bromus inermis, cultivated in agroecological conditions of eastern Serbia, was investigated. The cultivar NS-10 of Festuca arundinacea had the highest total green mass production (154,600 kg/ha) and hay yield (34,541 kg/ha) during the period from 1997 to 1999 year. The cultivar NS-10 of Festuca arundinacea was achieved the highest green mass production (60,000 kg/ha) and the hay yield (13,413 kg/ha) in the first as well as in the second year of investigation (65,000 kg/ha and 14,327 kg/ha). The cultivar K-6 of Dactylis glomerata with 35,200 kg/ha of green mass production and with 8,738 kg/ha of hay yield was the most productive strain among five grasses strains tested in the third year of investigation.
Key words: grasses, yield, green mass, hay.
Corresponding author:
Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 6, No. 3-4 (1999), pp. 99-105
© 1999 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
REGULARITIES IN FODDER PEA SEED TECHNOLOGY PRACTIES
By
ĆUPINA B., ERIĆ P., MIHAILOVIĆ V.
SUMMARY
Peculańties in fodder pea seed production, starting from field choosing to seed harvesting has been taken into the consideration. Special attention has been dedicated on drilling, crop tending (weed, diseases and pest protection) as well as problems appearing in harvesting.
Kew words: fodder pea, technology practices, crop tending, harvesting.
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Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 6, No. 3-4 (1999), pp. 107-112
© 1999 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
POSSIBILITY OF FORAGE GALEGA (Galega orientalis Lam.) GROWING IN NORTH-WEST SERBIA
by
PETROVIĆ-TOŠKOVIĆ SNEŽANA, PETROVIĆ M., RADENOVIĆ B.
SUMMARY
Based on research in laboratory and field conditions from 1997-1999 years in the region of north-west Serbia (Šabac), on the soil with lower bonyte class, on which alfalfa cant successfully grown more then three (3) years, the average yield of green mass in 97-99 was 60 t/ha, and hay 15 t/ha, the row protein contents in dry matter was 24,56%, the content of raw cellulose was 21,39%, raw fat 2,64% and raw ashes 8,9%.
The fodder galega (Galega orientalis Lam) variety "Yu Margarita" RB-MAG 1/97 has shown in this region resistance to: diseases, pests, cuscuta, low temperatures during winter and spring frosts. In the year of sowing, the overhead part of the plant grows slowly; more quickly grows the root system so the weeds can suffocate the plant. Special attention must be on weed control in the first an second year of growth. Sure and high yield of green mass and hay gives in wet (humid) regions, years and in conditions of irrigation, it is intolerable to drought in the year of sowing and next years.
Key words: fodder galega, green mass, hay, proteins and agroekological conditions.
Corresponding author:
Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 6, No. 3-4 (1999), pp. 113-116
© 1999 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
ADVANCING OF FORAGE CROPS PRODUCTION IN FUNCTION OF BETTER LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION ATTHE BEGINNING OF THIRD MILLENIUM
by
NIKITOVIĆ N., LUGONJA P.
SUMMARY
The paper discussed possibility of forage crops production in function of better livestock production at the beginning of third millennium. There are good nature resource and possibilities of forage crops development in FR Yugoslavia, depending on production region (plain, hills and mountains)
Key words: forage plants, livestock, production, advancing.
Corresponding author:
Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 6, No. 3-4 (1999), pp. 117-123
© 1999 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
SEED PRODUTCTION FOR ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
by
MIRIĆ, M.
"And Abel became a shepherd whilst Cain became a farmer"
SUMMARY
The present study encompasses the historical survey, results and the discussion on the issues of great variability of the forage seed production and foreign trade. A curve representing the national forage seed production does not coincide with the animal husbandry developmental line, but it agrees with the extent of an impetus to breeding, selection and seed production of these crops. The impetus to animal husbandry only does not affect seed production of live stock. The forage seed production is important not only for animal husbandry, but also for ecology, antierosion and beauty in nature. Hence, such a seed production is an indicator of the level of development of seed production as the whole in any country. Stabilisation of planting areas and high and stable seed yields of forage crops are an imperative task of our country and our seed business association established in 1980.
Based on comparative analyses of the available data the following can be concluded:
1. The forage seed production scope has been varying over the last 25 years: 3.5:1 in alfalfa, 8.5:1 in red clover, 9.6:1 in bird’s foot trefoil to even 31.2:1 in grasses. The obtained data unambiguously indicate that Yugoslavia is capable to produce seed in the amount twice as great as necessary to meet national demands, but at the same time it is obvious that our country imports significant amounts of forage seed.
2. The intensive stimulus of the cereal crop seed production more facilitated the development of forage seed production than stimuli of animal husbandry without a synchronous impetus to the forage seed production did. The most successful - expansive - development of seed production for animal husbandry was in the period of the lavish governmental support (1955-1963).
3. There is no congruence between the trend in the forage seed production scope and the trend in both the number of live stock and the areas under forage crops. A critical stage in seed production for animal husbandry requires emergent investments into the seed production, import duties and taxes stimulating the national seed production and other stimulatory actions, including impetuses to export.
Key words: seed production for animal husbandry, historical survey, development phenomena, emergent government controlled measures.
Corresponding author:
Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 6, No. 3-4 (1999), pp. 125-131
© 1999 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
SEED QUALITY OF DOMESTIC ALFALFA CULTIVARS
by
KARAGIĆ D., KATIĆ S., MIHAILOVIĆ V, VASILJEVIĆ SANJA, PATAKI I.
SUMMARY
The complete application of modern cultural practices in alfalfa seed production and high-quality seed processing secure high values of alfalfa seed quality. The seed of the alfalfa cultivars NS-Banat ZMS II and NS-Mediana ZMS V was studied over a period often years (1990-1999) and very high values of all the significant parameters of quality were found. The average seed purity was 99.66 % (tab. 1). The main reason for such a small variation of seed purity according to the year (99.4-99.9 %) was the standard quality of the seed processing. The impurities that were found in the seed were mostly inert substances (0.3 % on average). No seed of other crop species was found, while the seed of weeds was present only in traces. Seed viability ranged from 74 to 87 % (tab. 2) due to different weather conditions in the study years, especially at pollination, fertilization, and seed formation and maturity. The average proportion of atypical seedlings was 8% and the proportion of hard seeds was very low (5 %).
The contribution of dead (no germinated) seeds were 5%. The average 1000-seed mass of both cultivars was 2.1 g, with 2.0-2.3 g fluctuations over the years (tab. 3). Seed moisture content was very low-8.3 % on average (6.2-10.5 % depending on the weather conditions during a particular year).
Key words: alfalfa, variety, seed purity, seed viability, hard seeds, 1000-eed mass, seed moisture.
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