„PLANT BREEDING AND SEED PRODUCTION“ Vol. 6, No.1-2 (1999)
Content:
BOROJEVIĆ
SLAVKO
BREEDING CROP CULTIVARS FOR NEXT CENTURY [Abstract] [Full text]
Husić
I, Trifunović S., Rošulj M., Filipović M.
GENETIC DIVERGENCE OF MAIZE HYBRIDS AT THE FINAL STAGE OF EVALUATION [Abstract] [Full text]
Husić
I., Trifunović S., Rošulj M., Filipović M.
AGRONOMIC TRAITS AND YIELD STABILITY OF MAIZE HYBRIDS IN FINAL STAGE
OF TESTING [Abstract] [Full text]
Bocanski J., Bekavac G., Petrović Z., Vasić N.
FOURTEEN CYCLES OF RECURRENT SELECTION FOR INCREASED OIL CONTENT IN
MAIZE [Abstract] [Full text]
Brkić
M., Kovačević S.
DAMAGED SEED OF MAIZE AT SHELLING OF EAR WITH DIFFERENT MOISTURE
CONTENT [Abstract] [Full text]
Babić M., Ljiljana Babić
CORNCOBS AS FUEL IN SEED CORN DRYING - Experiences in Yugoslavia - [Abstract] [Full text]
Zorica
Nikolić, Marija Zlokolica, Mirjana Milošević, Svetlana Balešević - Tubić, Milka
Vujaković
SOYBEAN IDENTIFICATION BASED ON ISOZYME AND RAPD MARKERS [Abstract] [Full text]
Stojanović S., Lević Jelena, Maširević S.
GENETIC BASIS OF PLANTS RESISTANCE TO PARASITES [Abstract] [Full text]
Ivanović Dragica, Berenji J., Radmanović Nevena
RESISTANCE OF SORGHUM (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) TO INFECTION
CAUSED BY MAIZE DWARF MOSAIC VIRUS (MDMV) [Abstract] [Full text]
Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 6, No. 1-2 (1999), pp. 19-24
© 1999 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
BREEDING CROP CULTIVARS FOR NEXT CENTURY
BOROJEVIĆ SLAVKO 1
ABSTRACT: Because of a rapid growth of the human population and changes in agroecological conditions, which are due to the intensification of agriculture and a rapid development of industry, we are facing an enormous pollution of soil, water and air. These staggering changes may be to some extent counteracted by human actions such as the increase of genetic yield potential of field crops, breeding of cultivars to meet the requirements of sustainable agriculture, and the introduction of new plant species into agriculture.
Key words: Harvest index, increase of LAD, gene technology, sustainable agriculture.
1. Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad
Corresponding author:
Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 6, No. 1-2 (1999), pp. 25-33
© 1999 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
GENETIC DIVERGENCE OF MAIZE HYBRIDS AT THE FINAL STAGE OF EVALUATION
HUSIC I., TRIFUNOVIC S., ROSULJ M., FILIPOVIC M.
SUMMARY
The estimation of genetic divergence of maize hybrids at the final stage of evaluation presents a reflection of the elite material included into their development and points to a degree of their difference in comparison to hybrids already accepted in practice. Fifty new hybrids of FAO 600, grouped into four trials, were studied. Two types of performance indices ere estimated on the basis of grain yield, grain moisture percentage at harvest, and percentage of lodged and broken plants: UPI (unadjusted performance index) and API (adjusted performance index). Genetic similarity was estimated by UPGMA (unweighted pair-group method, arithmetic average) - Euclidean distance method of the cluster analysis. Two independent cluster analyses were done: one was based on grain yield and the other on the values of API.
The higher values of UPI and API in some studied hybrids in relation to NS 640 or ZP 677 indicate that new hybrids contain lower grain moisture and firmer stalk with similar or higher grain yield. Rank correlation coefficients among hybrids compared by their yield and estimates of API differed over trials and the highest value of 0.852* was detected in the trial 604/98. Both types of cluster analyses (based on yield or API) indicate the significant level of genetic divergence of studied hybrids. New hybrids of FAO maturity group 600, the group most accepted in the production, genetically differ from hybrids widely spread in practice (NS 640 or ZP 677). The distribution of hybrids over classes of the cluster analysis done on the basis of the API parameters has demonstrated differences in comparison to the same analysis done on the basis of grain yield. Relativity of the cluster analysis for more serious comparison is shown by the fact that genetic similarity among the same hybrids, included into several trials (NS 640, ZP 677 and CECILIA), was differently estimated in dependence on the trial.
Key words: maize, performance index, cluster analysis.
Corresponding author:
Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 6, No. 1-2 (1999), pp. 35-41
© 1999 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
AGRONOMIC TRAITS AND YIELD STABILITY OF MAIZE HYBRIDS IN FINAL STAGE OF TESTING
HUSIĆ I., TRIFUNOVIĆ S., ROŠULJ M., FILIPOVIĆ M.
SUMMARY
Hybrid evaluation in final stage of testing understands estimation of the most important traits, grain yield before all, percent of moisture in harvest and stalk stability. As an additional criterion for grain yield stability evaluation Eberhart and Russel (1966) stability parameters are used. Fifty new hybrids developed arranged in four separate trials conducted at seven locations were used for evaluation. Seven hybrids according to their agronomic performance met all requirements for further evaluation only. Two of them (hybrid No. 10 from 601/98 trial and hybrid No. 11. from 604/98 trial) have demonstrated good yield stability while other chosen hybrids have shown better reaction on more suitable agroecological conditions. Looking over performance of hybrids included in all trials (hybrid NS 640 and CECILIA) grain yield has demonstrated more variation than regression coefficients. Rank correlations between hybrids ranged according to grain yield and regression coefficients as a measure of yield stability was significant for hybrids included in 603/98 trials only.
Key words: maize, grain yield, yield stability.
Corresponding author:
Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 6, No. 1-2 (1999), pp. 43-47
© 1999 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
FOURTEEN CYCLES OF RECURRENT SELECTION FOR INCREASED OIL CONTENT IN MAIZE
BOCANSKI J., BEKAVAC G., PETROVIĆ Z., VASIĆ N.
SUMMARY
Recurrent selection improves population characteristics by enhancing frequency of desirable alleles. In maize (Zea mays L.) high frequency of desirable alleles is expected to affect the characteristic improvement of inbreed lines and hybrids developed from this population. Most of current breeding programs are aimed towards parallel improvement of a number of characteristics. Corn breeding for specific properties (content and quality of oil) necessitates increase of kernel yield as well as other agronomic important conditions.
This paper examines the contribution of phenotype recurrent selection for oil content increase in synthetic population NSU1. Fourteen cycles of recurrent selection for increased oil content have been conducted until now. The initial population had average oil content of 4.79% and after 14 selection cycle’s oil content amounted to 13.56%.
Key words: maize, recurrent selection, oil content in kernel.
Corresponding author:
Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 6, No. 1-2 (1999), pp. 79-83
© 1999 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
DAMAGED SEED OF MAIZE AT SHELLING OF EAR WITH DIFFERENT MOISTURE CONTENT
BRKIĆ M., KOVACEVIĆ S.
SUMMARY
The results of investigations of breakage and cracked seed of maize at shelling of ear using "HEID" corn sheller, depending on moisture content in the seed, flow of ear through the sheller and tension of spring bolt on the output opening of sheller, are presented in the paper. On the basis of the results of investigations was found that the seed breakage increased with augmentation of the moisture content, flow of ears and at higher tightening of the spring bolt (it refers to hybrid NSSK 444 and NSSK 640). With ZPSK 677 hybrid, by increase of ear flow through the sheller, opposite results have been obtained. The cracks of seed do not depend significantly on the moisture content, but they increase moderately by augmentation of ear flow through the sheller. By shelling ears using the "HEID" sheller, moisture content of seed might not be higher than 18%, and ear flow would not be higher than optimum.
Keywords: damage of seed, corn sheller, seed of maize.
Corresponding author:
Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 6, No. 1-2 (1999), pp. 85-90
© 1999 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
CORNCOBS AS FUEL IN SEED CORN DRYING - Experiences in Yugoslavia -
BABIC M., LJILJANA BABIC
SUMMARY
The corncobs were used as a fuel in seed corn dryers more than 15 years in Yugoslavia. Eleven energetically solutions were built nearby dryers. These are different systems either by the plan conception or by technical equipment incorporated devices.
The general systematic view of burner types is presented in this paper. There are four types of them (Fig. 1). Different energetically plants for seed corn drying were also analysed, and conclusion was made that there are three subsystems (Fig. 2). So the six combinations of burner types and energetically subsystems are existing in this country. The main goals of presented analyze are to point out advantages and disadvantages of these combinations (Tab. 1).
The study results emphasis that, the combination which are consist of corncob combustion in the space and indirect air heating by hot water, shows as technical most convenient solution. An also, all kinds of combinations are economy justified.
Key words: corncobs, seed corn drying, combustion.
Corresponding author:
Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 6, No. 1-2 (1999), pp. 91-96
© 1999 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
SOYBEAN IDENTIFICATION BASED ON ISOZYME AND RAPD MARKERS
ZORICA NIKOLIĆ, MARIJA ZLOKOLICA, MIRJANA MILOŠEVIĆ, SVETLANA BALEŠEVIĆ - TUBIĆ, MILKA VUJAKOVIĆ
SUMMARY
Within biotechnological analyses of soybean seed, methods of protein polymorphism and multiplied DNA were applied with several different genotypes. Identification of three soybean genotypes was carried out based on isozyme phenotypes ACO, IDH and DIA systems. Extraction of DNA was carried out from the dry soybean seed of six different genotypes, and then its amplification with several oligonucleotides (primer) was tested, with the aim of genetic identification, which is the starting point in programs of breeding and seed technology. This technique is based on the polymorphism of DNA fragments, a molecular approach in interpretation of genetic variability and plant material properties, related to seed quality and its desired properties. Isozyme markers indicate the degree of genotype uniformity but not their genetic divergence. Polymorphism of DNA fragments, RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) provides more complete possibility of genotypes differentiation. Depending on the applied primer there were differences in DNA fragments multiplication, which point to the differences among analyzes genotypes, where modified soybean has the advantage.
Key words: soybean, genetic variety identification, isozyme markers, RAPD.
Corresponding author:
Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 6, No. 1-2 (1999), pp. 97-113
© 1999 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
GENETIC BASIS OF PLANTS RESISTANCE TO PARASITES
STOJANOVIĆ S., LEVIĆ JELENA, MAŠIREVIĆ S.
SUMMARY
The paper shows the review of mode of inheritance, gene action, identification, location and source of genes of resistance to the parasites of the cultivated plants. The foundation of this investigations was laid by Flor's (1942, 1956) gene for gene hypothesis.
Numerous investigations have shown that the inheritance of resistance may be dominant, recessive or intermediate. Dominant inheritance of resistance (complete or incomplete) was found in most cases caused by one, two or more genes. Very important are interactions between genes, their complementary, supplementary or additive effects of genes. The additive effects were the most important and predominant. Concerning the degree of efficiency, some authors classify the genes of resistance as those with great effects (major), and those with small effects (minor). The major genes have race specific nature, while minor genes usually have additive effects and ensure horizontal resistance.
Special cytogenetic and molecular stocks have been used to locate the resistance genes on the chromosomes of plants. The number of genes is different - from one to more tens. The greatest number of genes of resistance was located on the chromosome 2B, IB and 1A in wheat and on the chromosome 6 and 10 in maize (corn).
The best sources of genes of resistance originated from the wild relatives of cultivated plants in the centers of its origin. Many plants species which were collected in the banks of genes have a very wide biodiversity.
All this facts (wide biodiversity of the plants, great number of genes of resistance and its location on different chromosomes) give the possibility for successful recombination of genes of resistance from genes of virulence of parasites and by this good and long-term protection of plants by breeding of resistant varieties.
Key words: gene, plant, resistance, parasite, chromosome, inheritance, breeding.
Corresponding author:
Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 6, No. 1-2 (1999), pp. 115-122
© 1999 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
RESISTANCE OF SORGHUM (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) TO INFECTION CAUSED BY MAIZE DWARF MOSAIC VIRUS (MDMV)
IVANOVIĆ DRAGICA, BERENJI J., RADMANOVIĆ NEVENA
SUMMARY
Symptoms of inoculated sorghum were observed ten days after the second inoculation. The following symptoms were the severest: hypersensitive responses (Hs), mosaic (Mo), red (Cp) tan (Mp) and white (Wl) stripes only in grain sorghum. Necrosis of a portion of stricken tissue with severe symptoms, wilt and death of systemic stricken plants are the end result of virus spread in plant tissue.
Death of viral plants (scale 7) was noticed three weeks after the first, e. e. the second week of the second inoculation. Later, a certain number of plants with the scale 7 recovered and had quite small, stunted panicles. Based on mean disease ratings, percent of infected and dead plants, it can be stated that resistance of 50% of studied genotypes was satisfactory, while the rest of plants were susceptible or very susceptible to this virus. Since severe symptoms or even death can be a response of sorghum plants to this virus, further sorghum breeding for resistance imposes as a compulsory measure.
Key words: resistance, sorghum, broom sorghum, grain sorghum, maise dwarf mosaic virus.
Corresponding author: