„PLANT BREEDING AND SEED PRODUCTION“ Vol. 5, No.3-4 (1998)
Content:
Mihaljev
L, Denčić S., Kobiljski B.
PIONEER VIEWS ON BREEDING AND PRODUCTION OF CEREALS IN CONDITIONS OF
GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE [Abstract] [Full text]
Mišić
T., Mladenov N., Petrović S., Hristov N.
RANA NISKA, WINTER WHEAT VARIETY [Abstract] [Full text]
Mišić T., Mladenov N., Hristov N.
DANICA WINTER WHEAT VARIETY [Abstract] [Full text]
Babić M., Babić Ljiljana
INFLUENCE OF BASIC WHEAT SEED PHYSICAL PROPERTIES ONTO AIRFLOW
CHARACTERISTIC [Abstract] [Full text]
Trifunović S., Kojić L., Pekić V.
THE GENE EFFECTS FOR DEPTH OF KERNEL IN MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.) [Abstract] [Full text]
Aleksov A.
INSC 730 - A NEW HYBRID OF MAIZE [Abstract] [Full text]
Husić I., Trifunović S.,
Filipović M.
CRITERIA FOR THE RELEASE OF MAIZE HYBRIDS - ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES OF THE METHODOLOGY [Abstract] [Full text]
Stefanović
Lidija, Šumatić Nada, Stanojević Milena
MAIZE WEED COMMUNITY UNDER CONDITIONS OF INTENSIVE SEED PRODUCTION [Abstract] [Full text]
Tomić
Zorica, Lugić Z., Sokolović D., Radivojević Gordana
GERMINATION AND ENERGY GERMINATION OF SEED FORAGE CROPS CULTIVARS IN THE FIFTH YEAR OF THEIR LIFE [Abstract] [Full text]
Dražić S.
SAGE (Salvia officinalis L.) SEED FRACTION QUALITY TESTING [Abstract] [Full text]
Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 5, No. 3-4 (1998), pp. 7-12
© 1998 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
PIONEER VIEWS ON BREEDING AND PRODUCTION OF CEREALS IN CONDITIONS OF GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
by
MIHALJEV I., DENČIĆ S., KOBILJSKI B.
SUMMARY
A considerable progress was achieved in this century in cereal breeding (wheat, corn, rice) and cultural practices used in cereal production. These advances made room for continual increasing of average yields and total volume of production of these plant species that are the major source of food for the mankind. On the other, a global climate changes have been detected and studied. This paper summarizes the current knowledge of the character of the global climate changes, effect of these changes on cereal production and yields, and pioneer views towards adapting breeding targets and cultural practices used to suit the changed climatic conditions. It was concluded that there is room for optimism regarding maintenance of the yield and volume of cereal production as well as a steady supply of the major food for the ever - increasing mankind population of the world.
Key words: Cereals, climate changes, breeding, yield, production.
Corresponding author:
Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 5, No. 3-4 (1998), pp. 13-19
© 1998 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
RANA NISKA, WINTER WHEAT VARIETY
by
MIŠIĆ T., MLADENOV N., PETROVIĆ S., HRISTOV N.
SUMMARY
Rana niska is early, dwarf and high yielding winter wheat variety. It was developed applying successive crossings genetically divergent varieties Tobari 66, Kavkaz, Bacvanka 1 and Novosadska rana 1, at a high level of intensity (Breeders: T. Misic, D. Mikic, B. Vulic, B. Kostic, Mirjana Kovaćev-Đolai, M. Malešević, S. Stamenković, P. Rončević, Nada Radoički and S. Petrović). The spike is white and medium compact, awnless, with 18-22 spikelets and grain is vitreous and dark red (Triticum aestivum L. ssp. vulgare var. lutescens).
Rana niska is very early, with a good resistance to winterkilling. It is a dwarf variety with a average stalk height of about 69 cm, with excellent resistance to lodging (Table 6). Its resistance to leaf rust (Pucc. recondita tritici) is excellent, the resistance to stem rust (Pucc. graminis tritici) and powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis tritici) is good. The absolute mass of 1000 grains is 35,4 g, and volumic mass 81.4 kg/hi. The variety is classified in the quality subgroup A2. The milling and baking quality are excellent. The content of dry gluten is about 10.0%. Rana niska is classified in the I technological group as an enhancer variety (Tables 4 and 5). Rana niska is a high-yielding variety with the genetic yield potential over 10 t/ha (Table 1, 2 and 3). It is on very important, early and dwarf genotype for a profitable production at an increased level of intensity. Rana niska was released by Federal Commission for Varietal Approval in 1990. It was introduced in commercial production in 1986.
Key words: breeding, genes, agronomic characters.
Corresponding author:
Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 5, No. 3-4 (1998), pp. 21-27
© 1998 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
DANICA WINTER WHEAT VARIETY
by
MIŠIĆ T., MLADENOV N., HRISTOV N.
SUMMARY
Danica is a winter wheat variety developed at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad, Yugoslavia. Danica was released by the Federal Commission for Varietal Approval in 1990. It was developed by crossing genetically divergent and highly productive parents NS 2722, Partizanka and Sremica (Breeders: T. Mišić, D. Mikić, B. Vulić, B. Kostić, Mirjana Kovačev-Dolai, M. Malešević, M. Pribaković and S. Stamenković). Spike is white, smooth, awnless, medium compact with 19-21 spikelets. The grain is vitreous and dark and (Triticum aestivum L. ssp. vulgare var. lutescens).
Danica is a medium early variety, 1-2 days earlier than Partizanka (Table 4). It has excellent resistance to winterkilling, as in Partizanka. The average stem height is 82 cm, with a very good resistance to lodging. It is a semidwarf variety. The resistance to leaf rust (Pucc. recondita tritici) is excellent and to stem rust (Pucc. graminis tritici) is good. The resistance to powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis tritici) is very good and to bunt (Tiletia tritici) is medium. The resistance to cereal leaf beetle (Lema melanopus L.) is medium to satisfactory. The resistance to shattering is very good. The apsolute 1000 grain mass is about 36 g and volume grain mass 82,4 kg/hi (Table 2). Danica is classified in the subgroup A2. The milling and baking quality are excellent. In optimum agroecological conditions the variety reaches the genetic quality potential of the I-st technological group. The content of dry gluten is about 10%. The variety Danica is very productive, with the genetic potential for grain yield above 11 t/ha and suitable for growing on fertile soils and more intensive production conditions (Tab. 1). Danica is a genotype for a profitable production at a high level of intensity.
Key words: breeding, genes, agronomic characters.
Corresponding author:
Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 5, No. 3-4 (1998), pp. 29-32
© 1998 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
INFLUENCE OF BASIC WHEAT SEED PHYSICAL PROPERTIES ONTO AIRFLOW CHARACTERISTIC
by
BABIĆ M. and BABIĆ LJILJANA
SUMMARY
The subject of the work was the study of the characteristic of air flow though the stagnant and fluidized layer of the wheat seed.
The aim was to establish the impact of the wheat seed basic physical properties onto characteristic of the airflow trough the seed layer. The following characteristic of flow has been studied: the specific drop of air pressure in flow trough the stagnant and fluidized layer wheat seed.
The study resulted in the mathematical model describing the impact of the wheat seed basic physical properties onto the characteristic, which was of the study.
It has been concluded that the developed mathematical model describing the changes in the specific air pressure drop in dependence on the air velocity and the wheat seed basic physical properties.
Key words: fluidization, wheat, physical properties
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Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 5, No. 3-4 (1998), pp. 33-36
© 1998 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
THE GENE EFFECTS FOR DEPTH OF KERNEL IN MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.)
by
TRIFUNOVIĆ S., KOJIĆ L., PEKIĆ V.
SUMMARY
The objectives of this study were to estimate gene effects for depth of kernel in maize by Generation mean analysis, Mather, 1949; Hay man, 1954; Jinks and Jones, 1958; Mather and Jinks, 1971. and 1982. Six generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1, BC2) were used to estimated additive, dominance and digenic epistatic effects. The trial was set up according to randomised complete-block design (RCBD) with eight replications. Fifteen plants in each generation were used for measurements. Standard maize growing practices were applied, while the sowing density amounted to 53,900 plants ha" . The esteemed values of gene effects point out that dominant gene effects (h) were of the greatest importance in inheritance of this trait. The significant presence of epistasis was determined, especially duplicate epistasis among dominant genes.
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Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 5, No. 3-4 (1998), pp. 37-41
© 1998 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
INSC 730 - A NEW HYBRID OF MAIZE
by
ALEKSOV A.
SUMMARY
In 1998 year a new hybrid of maize was released under the name INSC 730, at the ,,Agrounija" R. J. ,,Breading station" - Inđija. This paper presents results three years investigation in field experiment and laboratory Federal commission, as compared with standard.
Described morphological, biological and production traits of hybrid INSC 730.
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Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 5, No. 3-4 (1998), pp. 43-48
© 1998 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
CRITERIA FOR THE RELEASE OF MAIZE HYBRIDS - ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE METHODOLOGY
by
HUSIC I., TRIFUNOVIC S., FILIPOVIC M.
SUMMARY
The Federal Commission for the Varietal Approbation of Cultivated Plants releases maize hybrids according to clearly established criteria within each FAO
Food and Agriculture Organisation maturity group. These groups are defined by the level of grain moisture at harvest of a check hybrid representing a particular maturity group. The tolerating level of grain moisture of an investigated hybrid is the additional criterion for a hybrid to be released within the same maturity group. However, grain moisture discrepancy between FAO maturity groups, defined in such a way, amounts sometimes to 4-5% (FAO 200 and FAO 300). The earlier harvest is, i.e. the higher grain moisture at harvest is, and the higher this difference is. Hence, there is a risk that certain hybrids would not be released at this cycle of selection if studies were carried out with higher grain moisture. On the other hand, a certain number of hybrids, belonging to both adjacent maturity groups, with agronomic traits better than the check hybrid, will never be released as they surpass moisture of the lower maturity group and lack 1-2% of yield to fulfill this criterion in the subsequent maturity group. In order to overcome such a situation, the introduction of the performance index (yield/moisture), as an additional criterion for the release of hybrids, has been proposed.
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Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 5, No. 3-4 (1998), pp. 49-53
© 1998 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
MAIZE WEED COMMUNITY UNDER CONDITIONS OF INTENSIVE SEED PRODUCTION
by
STEFANOVIĆ LIDIJA, ŠUMATIĆ NADA, STANOJEVIĆ MILENA
SUMMARY
Intensive application of herbicides during the time, results in changes of weed flora. In maize seed production, those problems are more visible. Resistant, perennial weed species have been spreading although appropriate herbicide combinations have been used. Floristic content of weeds in maize seed production fields was investigated in this study. The analysis of obtained results points out that the number of weed species as well as the number of their individuals has been considerably decreasing on treated areas. The analysis of distributed species reveals that the participation of perennial species, less susceptible to herbicides, has been increasing in the total weed coverage of crops from year to year. The species Sorghum halepense prevails among distributed species.
Key words: Maize, seed production, weed community, floristic changes
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Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 5, No. 3-4 (1998), pp. 55-60
© 1998 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
GERMINATION AND ENERGY GERMINATION OF SEED
FORAGE CROPS CULTIVARS IN THE
FIFTH YEAR OF THEIR LIFE
by
TOMIĆ ZORICA, LUGIĆ Z., SOKOLOVIĆ D., RADIVOJEVIĆ GORDANA
SUMMARY
Genetic potential of seed vigor and germination declines with age. The aim of investigations was to establish genetic potential of seed vigor and germination in the most important and prominent forage crops depend of the years of their life. Elite seeds of new cultivars from the Center for Forage Crops, Kruševac were tested. Cultivars of perennial grasses were as follows: cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) cv. K-R, meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.) cv. K-21, Italian reygrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) cv. K-29 tetra and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) cv. K-20. Cultivars of perennial legumes were as follows: alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cv. K-22, red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) cv. K-17 and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) cv. K-33. Seeds were planted on experimental plots of the Center in 1994 and harvested the following year. Seed germination was established by standard laboratory methods in the harvest year. The same samples were analyzed for germination successively per year and in the fourth year of their life, respectively. The results were processed by the analysis of variance and tested by LSD-test. In the harvest year the results for vigor and germination are beyond minimal requirements set by legal provisions for these species seed trade 85-95%. Seed vigor and germination declined statistically significantly with seed age. In perennial grasses, tall fescue cultivar retained highest seed germination 75% after 5 years of life, while meadow fescue cultivar exhibited best seed germination 34%. The cultivar of cocksfoot retained its germination ability of 65% and Italian reygrass of 67%. In legume cultivars very significant difference was found in seed germination per year of life. Seed germination of white clover was most reduced, even to 50%, while that of red clover 82% and alfalfa 76% remained at the germination level, when seeds can be also used in the fifth year. The results demonstrate that genetic potential of seeds of perennial grasses and legume cultivars is a critical factor that needs to be considered a limiting one in seed use value throughout further selection activities for creating new cultivars.
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Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 5, No. 3-4 (1998), pp. 61-63
© 1998 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
SAGE (Salvia officinalis L.) SEED FRACTION QUALITY TESTING
by
DRAŽIĆ S.
SUMMARY
Three sage seed fractions (2,5-3,0; 2,2-2,5 and 2,0-2,2 mm) were observed under laboratory conditions. Germination energy, germination and 1000-seed weight were significantly higher in seeds of the largest size (2,5-3,0 mm). As there are sage seeds of various sizes, larger fractions, as many as possible, should be extracted during the processing procedure.
Key words: sage, seed fractions, quality.
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