„PLANT BREEDING AND SEED PRODUCTION“ Vol. 3, No. 1-2 (1996)
Content:
Dimitrijević
M. D., Panković L. i Petrović Sofija
THE APPEARANCE OF HYBRID NECROSIS IN WINTER WHEAT CROSSES [Abstract] [Full text]
M.
Anđelković i K. Pavlović
TENDENCIES OF CHANGES OF SOME IMPORTANT PROPERTIES OF LOCAL AND
INTRODUCED SUGAR BEET VARIETIES [Abstract] [Full text]
M.
Rajić
EFFECT OF SOWING DATE, FERTILIZATION AND IRRIGATION ON FRACTION
RATIOS OF PRIMARY SUGAR BEET SEED CLEANING [Abstract] [Full text]
Milovanović
M., Vulić B., Pavlović M., Dokić D. I Mihajlija Dušanka
INFLUENCE OF EARLY-MATURING AND STEM HEIGHT ON GRAIN YIELD AND
QUALITY IN WINTER WHEAT [Abstract] [Full text]
Ilić Z., Barać S., Biberdžić M., Stojković S.
INFLUENCE OF HARVEST DATE AND METHOD ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF ONION SEED [Abstract] [Full text]
Mirjana Milošević, Marija Zlokolica
SEED VIGOUR [Abstract] [Full text]
Borojević
S., Brojević Katarina, Kraljević-Balalić Marija, Petrović S., Mihaljčević M.
CONTRIBUTION OF GENETICS TO BREEDING OF HIGH YIELDING PLANTS [Abstract] [Full text]
Kovačev
L., Mezei Snežana, Čačić N.
HERBICIDE RESISTANCE OF SUGAR BEET [Abstract] [Full text]
Marija
Zlokolica, Mirjana Milošević
GENETIC PURITY IDENTIFICATION AND ESTIMATION OF FIELD AND VEGETABLE
SEEDS BY MOLECULAR MARKERS [Abstract] [Full text]
M. Mirić
STRATEGY OF BREEDING AND SEED PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT
IN SFR YUGOSLAVIA [Abstract] [Full text]
Slobodan
Dražić
TOBACCO BREEDING - A POSSIBILITY TO DECREAS WASTE INGREDIENTS IN SMOKE [Abstract] [Full text]
Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 3, No. 1-2 (1996), pp. 7-10
© 1996 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
THE APPEARANCE OF HYBRID NECROSIS IN WINTER WHEAT CROSSES
by
DIMITRIJEVIĆ, M.D., PANKOVIĆ, L. and PETROVIĆ, SOFIJA
SUMMARY
The appearance of hybrid necrosis, as well as, its effect on spike length, number of grains and grain weight per spike was observed in this study. The experiment was conducted in F1 and F2 progenies of seven winter wheat single crosses in two vegetation periods. Even though, the effect of hybrid necrosis on examined yield components, differed depending on the cross combination, the necrosis which was observed in both generations, could be described as weak necrosis, as a whole. Consequently, the greatest negative influence of necrosis appeared for grain wheat per spike in F2 generations.
Corresponding author:
Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 3, No. 1-2 (1996), pp. 11-17
© 1996 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
TENDENCIES OF CHANGES OF SOME IMPORTANT PROPERTIES OF LOCAL AND INTRODUCED SUGAR BEET VARIETIES
By
MILOJKO ANDELKOVIĆ and KSENIJA PAVLOVIĆ
SUMMARY
Based on the data presented in this paper and their analysis the following conclusions may be drawn:
1. During the entire 1971-1994 period we evidenced two highly significant differences in root and white sugar yields between local and introduced sugar beet varieties in favor of the introduced ones, however, the significance of these differences gradually decreased in the last decade, so that the genetic potential of local varieties, according to all the traits assessed, resulted equal and with a more pronounced tendency to annual increases of individual parameters as compared to that of the tested introduced varieties.
2. All investigated traits displayed tendencies of increase. The average annual root yield increase amounted to 98 kg in local and 70 kg in introduced varieties. Sugar contents each year increased by 0.117% and 0.088% in local and introduced varieties, respectively. Extractability value was higher by 0.127% and 0.104% in local and introduced varieties, respectively. An annual white sugar yield increase 75 kg, i.e. 59 kg was obtained in local, i.e. introduced varieties, respectively.
3. All the investigated traits displayed a tendency of increase in both, local and introduced varieties, proving that there was no genetic potential stagnation and that the newly-released varieties were more productive than the previously released ones, i.e. that there was no variety inflation and that the same varieties were not being rotated over and over again.
4. In order to enable a high genetic potential of new genotypes under production conditions it is necessary to apply adequate seed preparation and processing methods, as well as soil tillage and crop fertilization, cultivation and protection practices suited to the needs and requirement of the sugar beet crop.
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Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 3, No. 1-2 (1996), pp. 18-21
© 1996 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
EFFECT OF SOWING DATE, FERTILIZATION AND IRRIGATION ON FRACTION RATIOS OF PRIMARY SUGAR BEET SEED CLEANING
by
RAJIĆ M.
SUMMARY
The effect of sowing date, fertilization and irrigation on fractions of sugar beet seed was studied during the three-year field experiment.
The sowing date had the greatest effect on fractions of sugar beet seed. Fertilization and irrigation had no effect. The first sowing date had the highest percentage of sugar beet seed in commercial fractions of 3,5-4,5 mm and of 4,5-6,0 mm in relation to the second sowing date.
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Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 3, No. 1-2 (1996), pp. 22-26
© 1996 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
INFLUENCE OF EARLY-MATURING AND STEM HEIGHT ON GRAIN YIELD AND QUALITY IN WINTER WHEAT
by
MILOVANOVIĆ M., VULIĆ B., PAVLOVIĆ M, DOKIĆ D. and MIHAJLIJA DUŠANKA
SUMMARY
Due to the successful stem shortening a high genetic potential of investigated lines could be obtained.
Investigated of winter wheat genotypes in addition to a lower stem had a short period of vegetation. Some were earlier than NS Rana 2, and hade good parameters of kernel quality, too.
The simple coefficients of correlations between investigated traits point out to existence of significant positive dependence of grain yield, test weight and 1000 kernel weight with plant height r=0.528*, r=0.517* and r=0.547*, resp.). Due to his, a special attention in future wheat breeding should be paid to the plant height, as its reduction below the optimal level could result in yield decrease under certain agroecological conditions.
The most promising are the lines Kg. 2091, Kg. 2083/1, Kg.2171 and Kg.2178, which attained higher grain yields in than all three winter wheat checks.
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Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 3, No. 1-2 (1996), pp. 27-32
© 1996 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
INFLUENCE OF HARVEST DATE AND METHOD ON YIELD AND QUALITY
OF ONION SEED
by
ILIĆ Z., BARAĆ S., BIBERDŽIĆ M., STOJKOVIĆ S.
SUMMARY
Considering the feat onion production, and biological particularity of the species and its varieties, the effects of harvest date and method on seed yield of the onion variety Prizrenski pogačar were studied. The experimental crops were harvested on August 3rd, 11th and 20th. The following harvest methods were used: seed head with the above-ground seed stem (80 cm) and seed head with about 20 cm of the seed stem. The seed was threshed 30 days later.
The optimum harvest date in respect to seed yield and quality was mid August, irrespective of the harvest method used. The harvesting of whole plants (80 cm), as well as heads with the whole above-ground seed stein tend ad to increase the seed mass, especially with the earlier harvest dates (3.08). Germination energy and viability depended more on the harvest date than on the harvest method. The differences between harvest methods as differences between harvest methods were not significant (at 5% probability level), we recommend harvest when seed stem length amounts to 50 - 80 cm were not significant (at 5% probability level), we recommend and cutting of the seed stem some where between these two lengths.
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Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 3, No. 1-2 (1996), pp. 33-42
© 1996 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
SEED VIGOUR
by
MIRJANA MILOŠEVIĆ, MARIJA ZLOKOLICA
SUMMARY
Seed vigour is defined as "a sum of all seed characteristics by which the activity level as well as the characteristics of seed or seed lot during germination or seedling emergence are determined". In each seed lot the loss of vigour is associated with decreased ability of seed to perform its physiological functions. This process, so called physiological ageing, starts before harvesting and continues during harvesting, processing and storing.
Vigour tests should be used for making decision concerning the faith of individual seed lots. The obtained results are used to determine whether a seed lot could be sown early when the appearance of stress conditions is possible, or it should be sown later when the soil is warm, and the conditions for germination and seedling growth are more favourable. The vigour tests are also helpful in making decision whether a seed lot should be sown in south regions in order to make use of warmer climatic conditions or whether the seed quality is good enough to withstand severe climatic conditions prevailing in northern regions.
Vigour tests are often used for determination o conditions under which the seed is stored. The investigation of seed lots stored under different conditions can reveal the physical and physiological injuries which decrease the seed sowing potential.
The following vigour tests are used for studying the seed viability: Cold test, Test of accelerated aging, Test of controlled decrease of germination, Test of seedling growth intensity, Test of classification according to germination energy, Tetrazolium test, Conductivity test, Hiltner test etc.
Some of these tests such as Cold and Hiltner are so called direct tests. That means that under unfavourable environmental conditions the results concerning the seed vigour obtained in laboratory conditions should be repeated. Indirect tests are those by which the correlation with field emergence is proved by using some other characteristics of seed vigour. These are Tetrazolium test, Conducitivity, test, etc.
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Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 3, No. 1-2 (1996), pp. 43-49
© 1996 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
CONTRIBUTION OF GENETICS TO BREEDING OF HIGH YIELDING PLANTS
by
BOROJEVIĆ S., BOROJEVIĆ KATARINA, KRALJEVIĆ-BALALIĆ MARIJA, PETROVIĆ S.,
MIHALJČEVIĆ M.
.
SUMMARY
Intensification of agricultural production in Yugoslavia in the middle of the century has imposed the question of assortment of several field crops. Old wheat varieties, due to very long stem, were not suitable for the conditions of an intensive cropping practices and yield potential was also rather low. Indigenous maize, sunflower and other species had lower yield than many introduced (USA, USSR) hybrids or varieties. Triploid sugar beet varieties widely grown in Europe had higher yield than diploid varieties grown in our country.
All this indicated that introduced varieties and hybrids should be accepted for production, if they are suitable for our agroecologic conditions, but we had to develop our high yielding varieties and hybrids. To achieve it as quickly as possible, it was decided to conduct genetic studies, simultaneously with the hybridization programs of various plant species.
This paper is a review of main genetic researches conducted at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops. The review is prepared according to a particular problem with respect to main field crops.
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Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 3, No. 1-2 (1996), pp. 50-54
© 1996 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
HERBICIDE RESISTANCE OF SUGAR BEET
by
KOVAČEV L., MEZEI SNEŽANA, ČAČIĆ N.
SUMMARY
In order to reduce herbicide applicaton and increase their efficiency, there are, nowdays, many research projects arround the wourd. Thanks to a great number of biotechnological techniques, especially gene transfer, in some laboratories inbred lines and hybrids resistant or tolerant to a number of distinct herbicide classes including sulfonylureas, glyphosates and phosphynotricines have been developed. Genotypes resistant to glyphosates have been derived by incorporation of a bacterial APSP synthasa gene into the sugarbeet genome. Sulfonylurea resistant genotypes have been discovered in the process of somaclonal variants identification.
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Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 3, No. 1-2 (1996), pp. 55-64
© 1996 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
GENETIC PURITY IDENTIFICATION AND ESTIMATION OF FIELD AND VEGETABLE SEEDS BY MOLECULAR MARKERS
by
MARIJA ZLOKOLICA, MIRJANA MILOŠEVIĆ
SUMMARY
Genetic and molecular markers are widely used within the field of breeding and seed science of different plant species. Since these markers are direct gene products, or DNA fragments, they are a very reliable tool in genotype identification and genetic characterization. They are also used for genetic purity estimation of planting material reflecting its commercial side and seed yield. These markers are very precise and efficient and they are also used, besides theoretical explanation of genotype features a t the molecular level, for direct practical application.
Key words: genetic, molecular markers, genetic identification and seed purity, field and vegetable plant species.
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Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 3, No. 1-2 (1996), pp. 65-83
© 1996 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
STRATEGY OF BREEDING AND SEED PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT
IN SFR YUGOSLAVIA
by
M. MIRIĆ
SUMMARY
For the first time a long-term strategy of field plants breeding and seed production development was completed in Yugoslavia. This developmental document is not temporarily limited and due to it, it should encompass the following: a review of breeding and seed production importance, examples of measures applied by economically developed countries, with developed agriculture and seed production, and a survey of a situation regarding studies, resources and capacity of local selection and seed production - as a starting base for future plans. Achievements of our science and our profession were presented, while crucial problems within plant breeding and seed production were especially pointed out. According to analysed achievements, the level of equipped plants and the structure of personnel, i.e. recorded problems, the most necessary measures and activities which should be under taken in the following longer period of time in order to keep up in international competition at the threshold of the 21st century, are presented in the strategy.
Yugoslavia is a typical seed producing country, as it has extremely good environmental conditions for seed crop growth, qualified personnel working in seed production and processing and has a numerous and diverse assortment of field crops. The only limiting factor is insufficient areas under irrigation, and to a certain extent, lacks certain modern equipment for particular technological processes. Considering that Yugoslavia has already received international recognition within this field, the future development means an ambitious approach, great engagement of scientific and research institutions, producers, manufacturers and varieties and seed wholesale dealers as well as a very creative support by authorities. Therefore, the strategy suggests a series of measures which should be worked out in detail in order to provide a further stable development of the Yugoslav creativity related to varieties and seed.
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Published in „Plant breeding and Seed Production“
Vol. 3, No. 1-2 (1996), pp. 87-94
© 1996 Serbian Association of Plant Breeders
& Seed Producers
S. Bajića 1, Belgrade-Zemun, 11185
Serbia and Montenegro
TOBACCO BREEDING - A POSSIBILITY TO DECREAS WASTE INGREDIENTS
IN SMOKE
by
SLOBODAN DRAŽIĆ
SUMMARY
Many studies of main tobacco smoke ingredients (nicotine, tar) showed that these ingredients can be changed in order to get genotype with most suitable smoke chemical content in the pyrolysis conditions.
It is necessary to decrease tar content by various genetic techniques. In contrary, caught to be increased or helb on the same level.
Prsented studied show that it is possible to select genotypes with more suitable waste ingredients content in the tobacco smoke.
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